Iliiaois Institute
of Technology
UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES
AT 18 5
Henwood, P. E.
Design for power plant
For Use In library Only
DESIGN
FOR
POWER PLANT
A THESIS
PRESENTED BY
PROCTOR E. HENWOOD
TO THE
PRESIDENT AND FACULTY
OF
ARMOUR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
FOR THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
HAVING COMPLETED THE PRESCRIBED COURSE OF STUDY IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MAY 20, 1910. ^
ILLINOIS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY -^^^^jt^T^^
PAUL V.GALVIN LIBRARY -^^^^ ^ /i S^
35 WEST 33RD STREET -^^/^^^'^■■-^■^^^'^^
CHICAGO. IL 60616 x^t^-'^.^dl^^^u^
SCOPE 05" THIS THESIS.
A corporation in the City of Chicago has at present two
buildings located within the loop district. One of these buildings
is devoted to office use; the other to light manufacturing and
jobbing concerns. It is proposed that a new building will be erected
to be devoted to manufacturing purposes, its location being on the
Chicago River. See Map. The power for lighting and operating the
elevators in the two buildings mentioned is purchased from a central
station. A low pressure steam heating system furnishes heat for
both buildings.
The economical questions are: First, will it pay to operate
the three buildings as one unit, i.e., with a plant located in the
new building; Second, what will be the cost of such a plant;
Third, the probable revenue to be derived; and Fourth, the cost of
operation.
Operation of three buildings as on e unit.
Under the present method of operation the following help
is employed: A Chief Engineer, one Assistant Engineer and two
ftemen; this is for the winter months. Through the summer months
when the heating system is not in use the firemen can be dispensed
wjt h, as the Assistant Engineer can tend the hot water fire during
the day and the night watchman at night. With one large plant the
above help increased by one assistant engineer, one fireman and ori'^
oiler, is ample for operation h1 h11 lJin«;;. Also ov'sv^ to the fact
that all labor and fuel are at one point, operation will be cheaper
than with two smaller plants. As? the j:lfint v/oi;lo I'e v^iir tlie river
: ■ r-av I'e '- V >: :• .'1 ■^. ec! ccndensing with high economy through the summar
months. The tunnel of the Illinois Tunnel Company to the other
bui).ding affords an easy means for transmission of steam and electric
current.
Description of^ Pl ant .
The plant consists of water tube boilers fed by chain grate
stokers, overhead coal bunkers, and coal and ash handling machinery.
High speed compound engines running condensing direct connected to
djr ect current generators. Coal will be delivered through the tunnel
or by wagons direct to storage bin without extra handling.
Esti mated Cos t_ of Plant ,
The plant is estimated to cost $60,000. of which amount
|46,000, is required for the electric plant and $4,000. for heating,
22188
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Estimated Annual Gross Revenue.
It is expected that all light and noti-ve power required "by
the tenants will be furnished by this plant. The estimated amount
of current from which a revenue can be derived is 420,000 kilowatt
hours. Computing this at a metered rate of lo/ per kilowatt hour,
with a rebate of l/ per kilowatt hour for prompt payment, i.e., 9j^
gives $37,800. This price of 9j^ per kilowatt is the rate at which
the Commonwealth Edison Co. furnishes current for individual lighting.
Estimate d Cos t to Operate Plarit .
Interest 4.5^, Depreciation 5^ insurance
and taxes 2% - ll-l/2^ on $60,000. |6,900.00
Fuel -
845,000 KV hra. ® 8# - - - 3380 tons
Standby losses 1-1/2 tons per day 548
3yiJ8 "
3928 tons '^ $1.50 + ,50 = - - - - - 7,856.00
Labor -
1 Chief Engineer |150.00 per mo,
2 Asst. Engineers ® $85,00 170.00
1 Oiler 70.00
3 Firemen @ $75.00 225.00
1 Helper for Bldgs. "A" & "B" 75.00
690.00 per month
Labor for 12 months --------- 8,280.00
Hauling ashes ------------ 300.00
Machinery Repairs ---------- 350.00
Supplies, packing, oil and waste ----- 400.00
Tunnel Rental -- -.-- 2,000.00
26,086.00
Revenu e.
The estimated revenue will be as follows:
Esti mated Qro ss Reven ue: (See page aa )
?lS)~^?50Ti:r Rrirrergy^per KW hr. 37,800.00
Estimated Net Revenue --------- 11,714.00
Investment in plant other than that required
for heating = $60,000. - $14,000. = $46,000.
Return on investment of $46,000. = 25^
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DETAILED EXHIBIT.
. - - -
The following pages contain a more detailed Exhibit,
Respectfully submitted ,
l^
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, b9ittsa<Ssja x-t-t^J'i^osqa&H
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Design of a Power Plant.
With the location given the design of a power plant can "be
divided into two general parts: first the requirements, and second
the design of the apparatus to meet the requirements.
The requirements of a power plant are,- that it shall furnish
at all times a stated amount of power in some form as light, heat
or refrigeration, or that it can furnish power direct as electric
current for conversion, for either individual or conmiercial use.
The design of a power plant in general depends upon the form
of energy desired. Individually the design is broad and variable,
being influenced by many factors, such as accessibility to fxiels,
kinds of fuel and their costs, availability of water supply and its
purity. The most important factor is the load, for upon this the
efficiency of the plant is based. When the load is constant and
at full rating the highest efficiency can be obtained, but with a
variable load and at low rating the efficiency falls off and operation
becomes costly.
The plant under consideration has been designed to meet the
requirements of typical office and light manufacturing buildings,
and will furnish light, heat and power. owing to the location of
this plant it is expected that power can be sold, and to thi end
reserve power has been installed.
The plant will operate condensing during the summer months,
while in the winter the exhaust steam will be used for heating the
buildings. All power necessary for operating elevators and such
appliances as the buildings may contain will be furnished by this
plant. Also itis in ended to furnish the lighting and motor power
to the tenants of the buildings.
The power generator s willbe four High Speed Engines direct,
connected to direct current generators, as follows:
Unit # 1
75 H.P. Simple with 50 K W Generator
Unit #2
150 H.P. Compound with 100 K W Generator
Units #3 and #4
225 H. P. Compound with 150 K W Generator
A condenser of the surface type will be used in conjunction
with Unit #2, #3 or #4.
Pour boilers will be installed in batteries of two boilers
each, they will be water tube type, fed by chain grates, each boiler
being 250 H.P. to contain 2500 sq. ft. of heating surface and operate
a steam pressure of 160# per square inch. The grates will have an
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area of 63 sq. ft., being 9 feet long by 7 feet wide.
The furnace has been designed for a low grade Illinois coal
"Springfield District" and with the lar^e tile roof will insure
smokeless combustion. In the floor of the combustion chamber is
a small opening that connects with the ash hopper and affords an
easy method of removing the light ashes. Sufficient room has been
allowed in front of the boilers for removal of tubes and stoking
grates in case of repairs. Each battery of boilers enclosed a
building column, but at a distance sufficient to allow for an air
space around the column. The piping has been arranged with the
view of being easy of access, runways being provided over the boilers
and along the staam header.
Provision has been made for the delivery of coal by wagons or
through the Illinois Tunnel, the floor of the boiler room being at
the tunnel grade.
Coal received by the tunnel may be delivered in front of the
boilers for hand firing, or dumped into a hopper from which a bucket
conveyer will carry it either to overhead bunteers or to the storage
bin. Coal received by wagons will be dumped directly into the
storaige bin, from where it will be fed into the bucket conveyer,
thence to bunkers, or by hand carts to the front of the boilers.
The ashes will be elevated to the ash bin from which it may be drawn
off into the tunnel cars or into a push cart, and taken by an elevator
to the surface.
Water from the heating systems in Buildings "A" and "B* will
be returned to the plant by roans of a centrifugal pump direct,
connected to a D. C. motor. The pump will be located at about
tunnel grade in Building "A* with its suction attached to a tank
conveniently located.
Two duplex boilers feed pumps of the ram pattern are to be
installed, the dimensions being 7-l/2" x S" x 6".
An open type of feed water heater will be used, the exhaust
steam from the boiler feed pximps, the condenser puunp and the stoker
engines being used for heating.
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jMUMMMi
SvoH-chboord.
POWER PLANT
FOR
BUILDING'C'
Sccic «' I F«o-t PE.H.
^o
iTmrxxujLBBiyiiv
ifiSi
1 IDES/GN
1 1 OF
POWER PLANT
FOR
BUILDING 'C
Sccle %'IFoa-f-. PE..H.
FLOORPLAN OF BUILDING X
Figure 4..
FLOOR PLAN OF BUILDING 'B'
Fi^ur&S.
-240
FIR2T FLOOR PLAN
Loadiiiq Platform.
Madison SfTtef
PROPOSED BUJLO/NG
MARKET STREET
3ca/e /'=30' aec,24,l909.
GENERAL DATA
1 2
Bldg. "A"
Bldg. •
B"
Bldg. "C"
Ploor Space
Length
100.75'
111.
28'
257 •
Width
44,8'
75.
67*
9f •
Area In Sq. Tt.
4502.6
8420.
6
24672
Stories
14
12
14
Hefe h"t of - Arerage
11»
11.
5'
10*
Glass Surface
in Sq^ Pt.
il'ortTi iScposure
3349
6321
16435
¥est "
5143
5174
7360
South ••
3369
9177
16170
Bast »
4600
3929
7525
Wall Exposure
exclusive of glass
in sq. ft.
North Bbqp«ure
3572.6
8979
20316
West *
10422.6
5230
6378
South "
3552.6
6123
20561
East •
10965.8
6475
6203
Total Wall Exposure
Glass Equivalent
in Sq. Pt.
20535
28572
55473
Cubic Peet of Air
in Building
746662
1372804
4234208
Type of Heating System Steam Vacuum Steam Vacuum Steam Vacuum
Radiation in Sq. Pt. 5062
7042
13672
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Determination of Radiating Surface for Heating,
The overall dimensions of the huildings were taken, thus giving
the total area in square feet of the walla. Prom the area of each
wall was deducted the area of all the openings in the wall, the
openings being considered as glass. These areas are all noted
according to their exposure; as North, South, East and West walls.
The radiating surface was determined from these areas by ne ans of
a formula by Professor Carpenter, and is as follows:
SniTis audi .nesteJ eiew esnlbliifa' Qsii lo enolaneaiifc XiAtevo sriT
rio«« lo BSTB erid" aoiT .eXIew ©ncJ ^o ;JDoTt e^isupa ni Be-iJB Xfi^oi' er{;t
eiii ,iX£w erf;t nJt asnxneqc esii Lla lo issnjb ari* bBioubtb asm XXisw
be^on XX« sijb a^ete seeriT .bs£Xb siJ fje-iebienoo Sf t»rf asninoqo
'So aoB 91 x(^ ajsBifi ©eerfcf tacit I)eniime*efc 8£* aofliira snl^fJitoi ©xIT
rawoXXol a£ ai l»n« ,if»*neqT60 icaae^oi*! ycf «XwBfol «
Building "A"
Exposed Area In Glass Equiralent.
ITorth Glass ------- 3349 sq, Pt.
West •• ------- 6143 » »
South •• ------- 33g9 »» m
Bast " ------- 4600 •• "
Sky Ligk ••------- 234 " "
Tota ------ Ig6d5
Horth Wall ------- 3572.6 Sq. yt.
West ••-- 10422.8 •• "
South •»------- 3552.6 •• "
East -------- 1096 5.8 " "
Total ■geBTsVSi
Total Glass ------- 16695 Sq. Pt,
loX N. •• 335 " ■
10^ W. *------- 514 It n
10/ Total Wall Glass Equivalent 2851 • ••
10;^ N. •• » * 36 •• "
loX V. " » • jp4^ N m
Total - - - - - 2053*5
,ia&LisrlupS aasXB nl «8iA beaoqxSt
.*•? .p8 e*££ - - «afiXP i'f^ioH
•• " 9d£& ------- •' iiuoB
,^ .p8 6,SraS ------- lijBW rf;ttoH
" " a.ss^ox -" ^«»w
" »• d.saee .---..--« rfd-uoa
•• " a.ddeox -------- ja«K
.*'5: .p8 aeoax ------- aabXO xa*oT
• " a6£ - - " .11 Xox
»• " -^xe .w ^^ox
" •• less ineXaviupS aa^XC XXfilF laicl \0L
" •• o5 " • " .H XOX
"*eCS^ - " - - - ij»ioT
15
Building "B*
Exposed Area In Glass BquiTalent.
North glass ------- 6321 Sq. Pt.
West " ------. 5174 N N
South » ------- 9177 n »
Bast " -----. - 3929 " ••
Total 24601
North Wall ------- 8979 Sq. Pt.
West •• ------- 5230 •• "
South " ------- 6123 •• »
East •• ------- 6475 » "
Total "SSSoT"
Total Glass ------ -24601 Sq. Pt.
lO;^ N. * -------632" "
10^ W. •• -------517" ••
10^ Total Wall glass Equiralent 2680 " ••
10,^ N. " " " 90 * "
109^ W. ■ " " 52 " "
Total ""365^2""
.jrneljariijpK aaaCt) nl jssiA beaoqxS
,;^«: .p8 XS£8 aaalg riJioU
•• " |i7xe ------- • ;tB9l
« •• WIG ------- * rfJuoB
eses - ----- - " i^Bjss
, J-*? .p8 y\tc; ------- IIBW rfJ-ioK
" •• oese ------- « *8ew
•• " f.SlJ ------- •• dJuoa
" " e "^a ------- « ;^a*a
'^(HSg" - - - -^ - - IB*0T
.*■? .p2 XOd^S- ------ HaBl£i lii^oT
" * SS3 " .^' >qi
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" " OSdS *n9X^TlupS asAfs XX«W XB;toT ^OX
" •• 06 * " •• .^ ^OX
" " sjti " " " .w Xox
16
Building "C"
ExpoBed Area In aiaee Equivalent.
North GlasB ------- 16435 Sq. Ft.
West • ------- 7350 " "
South " ------- 16170 •• "
East ■ ------- 752 5 ■ »
Total ~Trm5
North Wall ------- 20316 Sq. ?t.
West " ------- 6378 " "
South " ------- 20581 •• "
Bast " ------- 6203 " "
Total 53478
Total Glass ------- 47480 Sq. Pt.
lO;^ N. ■ - - 1643 •• ■
lOX W. " ------- 735'' "
10^ Total Wall glass Bquiralent - 5348 •• "
10^ N. - it • 203 " »
loX W. •• " " 64 " ••
Total ------ "■5'54''?'3'
.in^LartupS asJsXf) nl aeiA i)OBo<pdt
,*•? .p3 55>aX ---.--- asjalf) rf^TtoK
» " OdCT ------- * la««
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•• " Ssev ------- " ia»E
T^ffFTr" - :.j*oT
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• " ci^^i - " .11 Xoi
" » C6' ------- ".W >,0L
" " SJ^ea - ;tn»XaTi0p![ saals 1.Xb1 Xa*oT Xci
" " 50S " " " ,H )?0I
" " ^'•■< " •• " .f ^ox
17
Radiating Surface.
Building "A"
Prom Carpenter on "Heating and Ventilation"
we have the following formula J
B (t - t,) = C (T - t)R or R = ^^* " *1^
C(!I' - t)
Where
: t, = Outeide Temperature = 0*
f^ = Room " = 70»
T = Steam " = 212*
B = Sq. Ft. of exposed area in glass equivalent
R = Radiating Surface in Sq. Pt.
G = Heat Units per Sq. Pt. per degree per hour from
radiating svirface
^ '^ '^ (l ii-? ^ ) ' "^ ^^^ Sq.Pt. or 1437450 BTU per hour in zero weather
As the mean cold temperature is about 35® only l/2 this heat is
necessary, or 716725 BTU per hour.
Building "B"
^ '^ ^lf212- 7 0^^ '^ ''^^^ ^^' ^*' **** 2,000,000 BTU per hour in zero weatl
As the mean cold tenqperature is about 35" only l/2 this Ya et is
necessary, or 1,000,000 BTU per houe.
Building "C"
R = |?|y|i^~ = 13672 Sq. Ft. or 3883110 BTU per hour in zero weathi
As the mean cold temperature is about 35® only l/2 this heat is
necessery, or 1941555 BTU per hour
. © o^l-xuS 8fr i v^-s ii)fiH
"A" sniMiwt'
*.siuflnol ^filwoXIo'i Qdi evarf ew
osLTS = " iiifi9i3 = T
^nalBTitrpe aafilg ni seia bseoqxe to ,t^ .p8 = 3
.;)■? .p8 ni eaisaiuS sni^'^ifc**! ~ H
Jao^'i luoxl tevi eeisoi) 19<I .^Tf .pR "JSQE a^tinU *j5sH -
t^Q^tiua ■^ati&t'oa'i
lerfiaew oiea ni luorf teq UTS oai>?£II lo .;t'3-.p8 SSOa = -^TJr^xlTff^ ^ ^
ax Jfleri axrf* s\l y-Coo ®e£ ^uocfs ax »^iji*neqji»st jbXoo nj»m erf;f aA
"a* aniMiwa
rijffiaw ones -i "U'orf Taq ITTff 000, 000, £ to .;t1 .p8 SfrOV = ^fc..
ai: Jte e< axrf;t s\x \;Ino *S£ iuo^Sa ai ©la^ijTeqpaQj' bloo n«8fli »di aA
.©ijorf leq TJTS 000,000,1 to ,y "Bdaeoen
"0» anibXii/ff
laxitissw otes ni luod teq UTS OXXSaSC to .&% .p8 SV/jfiX = iQ^^^^-JJt^ = H
ai i&esi aidi s\l v;Xno •c!£ ^ uKffl al etxji eiBqm^i bloo naea. erf* aA
•wjofi leq UTff ddaX^CX to , ip-Raaeoen
Additional Heat Nacesaary Due To Ventiii tion.
Allowing:- two changea of air per hour. That one BTU will heat
55 cu. ft. one degree. That two BTU are radiated per sq. ft. of
radiating surface per degree difference per hour. That the tempera-
ture rise is from 35® to 70® F,
Building "A"
Cubic contents of building = 748682 cu, ft.
35 X 748682 x 2 = 952868 BTU
55
Steam.
"BTU supplied per hour (1437450 + 952868) = 2390318
Available heat per pound steam ® 212® = 970 BTU
2390318 4> 970 = 2464# steam in zero weather, or 1723# in ordinary
weather.
Building "B"
Cubic c Client 3 of building = 1372804 cu. ft.
55 X 1372804 x 2 =: 1747223 BTU
o5
Steam.
BTU supplied per hour (2,000,000 -f 1747223) = 3747263
Availble heat per pound steam® 212® = 970 BTU
3747263 4- 970 = 3862# steam in zero weather, or 2832# in ordinary
weather.
Building "C"
Cubic coitents of building = 4234208 cu. ft.
3LA-1234208_jk_2 = 5388992 BTU
Steam,
BTU supplied per hour (3883110 + 5388992) = 9272102
Available heat per pound steam® 212® = 970 BTU
9272102 + 970 = 9559# steam in zero weatner, or 7557# in ordinary
weather.
Jo ,*1 .pa neq Jbe;JjBil)£T et* UTS cvi fjarlT .seigeb ©no .*^ .jjo aa
.•tT «0V o:^ °e£ mcTl el eait stu^J
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UTS OVe - "SIS ® iwiele i)£itfGq leq ;r6eii t»XdiiIiBT;<
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ST
fidS^'^VC = (KiiS^^rx + 000, 000, S) loori i©q fceilqqi/a UTS
UTF OVC = «^XS ® mjt=e;r8 bnuoq Tsq ^*er: eXd4l£vA
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v^-usnibio nl %fciev to ,t©iiJ«»ii» oios rri ««©*b %ec;ee - 0^6 ^ SOXSVSG
♦ T9X{^£eW
p
Steam Consianed in Early Morning Heatirg
Winter Season
In the present day office building the steam is generally in
the heating system until nine o'clock in the evening. At this time
the building is closed and as the doors and windows are all shut,
the temperature of the building will fall quite slowly, and except
in extreme cold weather will not be below 50® P. by six o'clock in
the morning, at which time live steais is turned into the heating
system. Assuming this to be the case it is then necessary to heat
a volume of air equal to the cubi contents of the buildings from
50® P. to 70® y. This heating i s to be done from six to eight
o'clock in the morning with lire steam, and will be assumed to be
5® in each half hour; or the rate per hour at which the steam must
be supplied will be as follows:
The total cubic contents = 6355694 cu. ft.
Allow one air change per hour
Allow that one B.T.U. will raise the temperatvre 55 cu. ft.
one degree.
Steam required to raise this volume from 50® to 70® is:
2 X 6355694 20 _ .-..„
53 ^ yi^ = 4766#
To raise this volume from 55® to 70® requires:
2 X 6355694 ^ 15 _ ,=«aji
To raise this volume from 60® to 70® requires:
2 X 6355694 , 10 _ oxfiiJt
To raise the volume from 65® to 70® requires:
2 X 6355694 ^ 5 _ itQcM.
5S " * 9^ " ^^^^
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itcorr - ^ • ^«?S<;dSd x 3
2
HOURLY STF.;»M CONSUMPTION FROK DAILY LOAD CUK\rBS.
summer Season.
Time Unit H.P. ^ Pull Load_ SJt®Mi jper_ H .P._Eour Steam per Hour _
5-7 AM
1
75
60
8
3
225
53
9
3
225
93
10
3
225
106
11
3
2J&>
106
12
3
225
106
1 Noon
3
225
100
2 FH
3
225
V)0
3
3
226
100
4
3
225
100
5
3
225
106
6
3
225
127
6:30
2
150
130
7
2
150
100
8
2
150
80
9
2
150
80
10
1
75
120
11
1
75
70
12 UN
1
75
40
1-5 AM
1
75
30
30.8
2310
17.2
3880
15.5
3490
15.8
3560
15.8
3560
15.8
356
15,7
3530
15.7
3530
^6,7
3530
15.7
3530
15.8
3560
16.8
3780
16.5
2460
16
2400
15.9
2380
15.9
2360
29.8
2240
30.1
2260
32.6
2460
34.8
2610
.31OHU0 dAOl TJIArr }iOfl% '.iOlU'MjeViOO MAaf.Pfl YIHUOK
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HOURLY STBAM CONSIMPTlOIf FROM DAILY LOAD CURVES.
Winter Season
Time Unit H.P. € Tull Load Steam per H. P. Hour Steam per Hour
_„ , ^ — „ *^_^ 25IS~"^
16.0 3540
15.7 3530)
) 5930
16,0 2400)
16.5 3720)
) 6160
16.3 2440)
16.8 3780)
) 6240
16.4 2460)
16.2 3640)
) 6070
16.2 2430)
15.6 3510)
) 5910
16.0 2400)
15.4 3460)
) 5840
15.9 2380)
15.6 3510)
) 5910
16.0 2400)
S-'^AM
"T"
75
60
8
3
225
73.5
9
3
2
225
]S0
100
100
10
3
2
225
150
120
120
11
3
2
225
150
127
127
12 Ho(
on|
:3
225
116
1
1
[2
150
116
1 PH (t
(
(
3
2
225
150
96
96
2
(
(
(
3
2
225
150
92
92
3
!
(
3
2
225
150
98
98
4
(
\
3
225
no
2
150
110
5
(
(
(
3
2
225
150
127
127
5:30
(
(
(
3
2
225
150
136
136
6
(
(
(
3
2
225
150
88
88
6:30
2
150
130
16.0 3600)
16.1 2420)
15.5 3490)
15.9 2390)
16.5 2460
6:30 PM to 5:00 AM - - ConditionB as for Sunaier load.
6020
15.8 3780)
) 6240
16.4 2460)
17.0 3830)
) 6320
16.6 2490)
5970
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2M
Size of Pipe to Carry Steam to Buildings "A* and "B".
From Kent we JaTe the following formula:
Q = 60 X .7854 x 50 D^ (144 (pi - Pg) Dj^'^
Where: p^^ = initial pressure of steEim
Pg = final " of steam
W^ = weight per cu. ft. of steam at p-
D = diameter of pipe in feet
L = length of pipe in feet
Q = quantity of steam flowing per minute in cu, ft.
Weight of steam necessary 6326# per hour = 2775 cu, ft, per minute.
2775 = 2356 D^/^ (144 (25 15 ) ) l/2
(TOBlTTin^)
D^/2 =2775 o_ D^ = 2
10555 .2629
D = .5860 ft. = 7'»
Computation based on needs of the most severe weather.
-it.'i:(;Je»w e"".6%f9a raom »rf;t lo tliaen no bBs&d noltsiucpaoO
D a i/y L oadCuri/es-
L'i^htFui/Li}ne BrifMf Doi^ in Winter.
Li<jht D off ecf Line DorA Dauin Winter
Curi/es •ShoLuTotol Loads.
25
Size Of Electrical Units.
In this determination two load curves, one for a bright day
and one for a dark, foggy day, both in winter time, were obtained
from an ofC. ce building where conditions were similar to these to
be considered. The ordinates of these curves were effected by the
ratio of the rentable floor area of the building to which the curves
applied, to the rentable floor area of the building under consideration
This gives two loads; they are for the lighting only, and to each was
added the power necessary to operate the elevators. The two curves
thus constructed are assumed to be maximum daily conditions for simraier
and winter months.
?rom these curves of maximum conditions the electrical units
were determined and arranged to carry the load the most economically.
Unit #1----- 50 KW
" #2 100 K W
•♦ #3 - - - - - 150 K W
"#4-----150KW
Size of Steam Units. ,,^
Allow an efficiency of 95^ in the electrical units and an
efficiency of 90^ for the steam units.
1 K W = 1000 Watts
1 H P = 746 "
Therefore 1000 = i,M Electrical horsepower
746
1.34 + 5^ = 1.407 Brake horsepowsr
1.407 + 10^ = 1.55 Indicated horsepower
Or roughly add 50% to the rated capacly of the electric unit
expressed in kilowatts for the indicated horsepower of the steam unit.
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26
Econoioy of The Steam Units,
These curves of engine economy are deductions from similar
curves taken from "The Bconoray Factors in Steam Power Plants* by
Geo. W. Hawkins.
Hourly Steam Consumption,
The curves of hourly steeun consumption were plotted from the
load curves and engine economy curves, i.e., for each hour of day
from the load curve was taken the per cent, of full load at which the
units were operating. With this percentage from the economy curve
is found the water rate of the particular steam unit. These values
multiplied "by the horsepower of the unit gives the steam consumption
per hour.
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Bstimate of tlie Electrical Current Consumed
In Buildings "A", "B" & "C".
Lighting for Tenants -
This estimate is computed on the basis of the rented floor area.
The data was obtained on a typical office building; one which fur-
nished its tenants with electrical current for lighting.
The actual current consumed by the tentants divided by the
total area of rentable floor space gives the current necessary for
lighting per sq. foot.
Lighting for Halls -
The total area of floor space less the rented area is considered
as halls; and as above the current used for lighting this area divided
by the area gives the current necessary for lighting per sq. foot of
halls.
Current for Elevators -
The cvirrant consumed in Buildings "A" and "B" is known, the
meter readings having been obtained from the engineer in charge.
The current for Building "C was estimated from that consumed in
Building "A", the method used being that for estimating the lighting.
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Estimate Of Electric Current Consumed Per Year.
For Tenart s
Building Light & Power Hous e
47275 sq.ft. @ 733 Watts sq.ft. 34653 KW Hrs.
15764 * •• ••1520 " n n
23961 KW Hrs.
88926 sq.ft.® 7 33 Watts sq.ft. 65183 KW Hrs.
12126 •••••••• 1520 •• •» i»
18432 KW Hrs.
259056 sq.ft.© 733 Watts sq.ft. 189888 KW Hrs
86352 " •• " 1520 * " "
Por Motor lead:
259056 sq. ft.© 500 Watts " " 129525
"A"
Current to Elevators actual
House aid Bi% e pump "
131255 KW Hrs.
58032
3649
Current to Elevators actual
House and Bilge pumps "
35287
1727
■C
Current to Elevators Estimate
259056 sq. ft. © 396 Watts per sq. ft.
House and Bilge pumps
259056 sq. ft. © 19.4 Wattsppr sq. ft.
419249
Total to be generated
102586
50257
425386
844635 KW Hrs.
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Data On Blevatore.
No. in Start- Stop-
Oper- ing ping
Bldg. ation Time Time
Hours Time for Trips SiiE 1® Current Current
per Single per Tripe consump-conBunp
Day Trip Day per ticn tion
year per year per
trip
"A" 1
2
Sunday 1
only
7:00AM
7:45AM
9:00AM
lOFM
6 PM
1 PM
15
20.5
4
50''
SO*
50"
1080) 466800)
Watts
1476)
286
18720)
) 58032 KW 119,5
■B"
1
7: 00AM
10PM
15
35
1
7:45AM
6PM
10.25
35
Sunde^y
1
7:00AM
1PM
6
35
only
ioti! 777900}
603 39193 ) 35267 KW
81709b
43.2
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Estimate of Cost of Power Plant Equipment,
:^ii
4 - 250 H.P, water t»be boilers, sectional header, in place
4 - chain grate stokers each 7 ft. x 9 ft. = 63 sq. ft.
wit]- two engines, shafting, pulleys, etc., in place- -
Boiler foundations --------------
Boiler settings ---------------
Coal and ash conveyer and bunkers in place ------
Conveyer 272 ft. © $20.00 - - $5440.00
Driver ------- - 400.00
4 green coal pans and valves - 176,00
4 coal bunkers ------ 200 0.00
Chimney, steel lined 72» x 200 ft. --^*-----
Breeching ----------------
Heater -----------------
2 feed pumps - ram pattern ----------
11000.00
3780.00
1000.00
3000.00
7976.00
4200.00
800.00
600.00
750.00
Engines and generators, horizontal high speed direct connected
to 220 volt d. c. Generators:
1 - 7 5 H.P simple Engine - - -:;.^30.00
1 - 50 K ¥ generator - - - - 1000.00
1 - 150 H.P. compound engine - 2100.00
1 - 100 K W generator - - - - 1500.00
2 - 225 H.P. Compound engines - 5500.00
2 - 150 K W generator - - - - 5000.00
1 surface condenser with vacuum pump and circulating purap
Piping, steam, exhaust and water, in place - - - - -
Miscellaneous and engineering 10^
Cost per K W I 133.00
Coat per boiler H.P, 60.00
Or say
16230.00
1200.00
4000.00
5454,00
I 59990.00
60000.00
KW, is not unreasonable as about
Note: The above estimated cost p^
one-half of the boiler plant investment (or about |14,000,) is re-
quired for heating, making the cost of the electric plant |46,000.
or $102.00 per KW.
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MADISON 3 TREE T
OCCUPATIONOF CITY STREETS
by
•SEWERS
Fi'^urei^.
MADISON STREET
OCCUPATION OF CITY STREETS
by
TUNNELSVSTEM
Figure. 1 5.
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